这都可以ach(achievement)

目录前言.笔记的方法[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示笔记的方法至于笔记的方法可

 

目录前言.笔记的方法[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示笔记的方法至于笔记的方法可以分为：笔记的结构、笔记的语言与笔记的原则来谈。

分述其定义及运用方法如下：A.笔记的结构（指将讯息置于笔记纸上的组织方法）1. 纵向分页--要将版面分割以充分利用纸面，可以纵向画一条中线区隔2. 横向分段--在每一语意完整的段落之后画一稍长之横线，每一口译段落之后则画一条贯穿版面之横线。

3. 阶梯式排列--适用于表示讯息的先后顺序4. 条列式记法--适用于表达并列的讯息或是连手、对立等语意内涵B.笔记的语言（运用图像、符号、简称、字母、文字或加以组合，以表达口语讯息的内容与结构）应区分为「常用符号」与「暂定符号」，以因应一般情况与特定口译主题之需求。

以下即「常用符号」之例：1. 图像(?=高兴, ⊙=会议, Θ=世界、地球 )2. 符号(＋－×÷＜ ＞ ？！.：↗↘↑→∵≒≠ ＃＄㎏ ㎝ ex.…)3. 简称或缩写(WTO APEC；TW, HK, CH, JP；Tpe, Tky, Sel ；Ecm, Mkt, 21C)

4. 原文( tie up, Hi-Tech, 危?=危机、基?=基础…)5. 译文(人名，组织名称，专有名词…)6. 英文(So, Now, but, Why,…)7. 符号与文字、图像的组合与变化(Θ?= international, global,Θnet = internet, )

C.笔记的原则（考量口译的目的、译者的工作负荷、工作环境而订定的纲领）1. 口译为主，笔记为辅译者应以听看讲者，全面地吸收讯息、组成口译讯息为工作主体，笔记只是辅助的作用，不宜舍本逐末2. 笔记应呈现讯息的概念与结构。

无论用图标或文字与符号，都应将之组成完整的讯息概念或组织结构3. 记下密度与难度高的讯息讯息负荷过量且不易记住的内容（如数字、专有名词），一定要做笔记4. 笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原则任何已记下的笔记内容与符号，都应尽量拉线再次利用，或用不同颜色的笔在原来的笔记上再做笔记，以最经济的方式发挥笔记的作用到极限。

5. 笔记的语言符号，必须能够沟通译者应避免使用自己不熟悉的符号，或是双人合作时应避免字迹凌乱笔记纸大小，依译者可控空间而定译者站立时，笔记本不宜超过手掌大小；有桌椅可用时，笔记可大至A41. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:。

Abbreviations in note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.

Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S =   sumf =   frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.

cf =   comparee.g. =   exampledept =   departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol =   politics

dem =   democracylib =   liberalcap =   capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres =   presentationsubj =   subjectind =   individualcons =   conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.

assoc =   associatebiol =   biologyinfo =   informationach =   achievementchem =   chemistrymax =   maximum

intro =   introductionconc =   concentrationmin =   minimumrep =   repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

ppd =   preparedprblm =   problemestmt =   estimatebkgd =   backgroundgvt =   governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.

amt =   amountcontd =   continuedgovt =   governmenteducatl =   educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts =   chaptersegs =   examplesfs =   frequenciesintros =   introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.

ckg =   checkingestg =   establishingdecrg =   decreasingexptg =   experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.

Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.

Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& =   andw/ =   withw/o =   without

vs =   against\ =   therefore= =   is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb =   German, for example

ibid =   Latin, the same worko =   degreesH2O =   waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols.

Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology department

UK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable.

Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word.

Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation.

Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word.

Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

 Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse g to represent ing endings. Examples:decrg decreasing

ckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs.

Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.

Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:

@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.

Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =

following ffmost importantly *less than especially esp/2. 缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive

F保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM room

PL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG According

ACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possible

BAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP Complete

CMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT Department

DISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference

GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV Individual

INS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO Memorandum

MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD Ordinary

PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY Quality

QUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON Responsible

SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD Trade

TRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large3. 字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：JZC 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, governmentgovernmental official 可以表示为 CZ。

P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

G 表示效率：efficient, effectiveG为效率符号Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业：businessC× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。

W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等它是work的第一个字母所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。

填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口

这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.T 表示"领导人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT。

⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.

L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.

O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, dont care much, etc.4. 箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.

表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.

表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.

表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、 数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－ 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.

表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.

表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～ 表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.

 标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?

. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."。

∧ 表示转折√ 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.

☆ 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.

∥ 表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为  m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 简 简写为  n 例如：standardization (标准化)  stdn

-cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician  techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted  acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl

-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment  amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl供稿：小红书知白

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