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本文选自《华盛顿邮报》2016年6月11日中一篇名为 “Paul Ryan’s poor anti-poverty plan” 的文章早些时候，众议院议长保罗 ·瑞恩态度一百八十度大转弯，宣布支持特朗普参选总统。
近日发布一项议程纲领，但是其中的“反对贫困”计划耽于空谈，没有实质内容作者批评瑞恩是在出卖灵魂本文态度鲜明，结构严谨，用词准确，值得赏读原文Ⅰ①House Speaker Paul D. Ryan justified his
endorsement of Donald Trump this month by arguing that the billionaire would be more likely than Hillary Clinton to sign
GOP ideas into law. ②At best, this was a risky bet on the ideologically flexible Mr. Trump — but a commitment to bold reform was at least understandable as a motive for soul-selling. ③Now we are getting a look at the agenda Mr. Ryan has been preparing, and it suggests he sold his soul awfully cheaply.
Ⅱ①For months, Mr. Ryan has been promising a proactive governing platform on which Republicans can run. ②On Tuesday, he began
rolling it out with a 35-page brief on how the GOP would combat poverty. ③The speaker has put special emphasis on this issue in the past. ④In 2014, he released an ambitious plan proposing a broad restructuring of the government’s anti-poverty programs with the goal of pressing
beneficiaries harder to improve their lives, in effect making the government the nation’s life coach. ⑤The idea was controversial, and rightly so.
Ⅲ①But Mr. Ryan got behind some broadly admired ideas in the past, too. ②For example, he proposed pumping up
the earned-income tax credit (EITC), which tops up low-income workers’ wages, a reform with potentially broad
bipartisan appeal because it fights poverty while rewarding work. ③At the moment, the EITC is mostly targeted at families, rather than all Americans in the ranks of the working poor, and benefits are too
meager. ④Expanding eligibility and increasing benefits should be a cornerstone of any anti-poverty reform program.
Ⅳ①In the House GOP’s latest document, however, the EITC is hardly mentioned. ②Instead, the report includes a line about “increasing” it — an unhelpfully vague suggestion — and goes on to
dwell on EITC fraud. ③The outline spends much more time on bromides such as working with nonprofit groups and giving states more flexibility. ④These reflect Republican federalist principles, but with a fatal lack of specificity. ⑤The program offers no real sense of how states migh
t work through a series of thorny issues in practice: How to design a welfare system that phases out
as income grows but does not discourage people from seeking higher wages, for example. ⑥The EITC is a potential solution, but Republicans appear
not to have the stomach for it.Ⅴ①Mr. Ryan deserves credit for trying to engage his colleagues in a policy discussion. ②But his latest agenda seems designed to win acceptance from a
fractious House Republican caucus, a vocal minority of which has no interest in affirmative policymaking of any kind, least of all fighting poverty. ③It’s thin
gruel to justify endorsing a man Mr. Ryan knows is unfit for the presidency.[454words]“Paul Ryan’s poor anti-poverty plan”. By Editorial Board. June 11th, 2016. The Washington Post.
词汇短语1. House Speaker 众议院议长2. justify [ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ] v. 证明…有理3. *endorsement [ɪnˈdɔ:smənt] n. 支持；背书4. GOP Grand Old Party 大老党（美国共和党的别称）
5. proactive [ˌprəʊˈæktɪv] adj. 积极主动的6. roll out 正式推出（政治运动）7. brief [bri:f] n. 简报8. beneficiary [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri] n.受益人
9. get behind 支持10. pumping up 打气；鼓励11. top up 加满；补足12.*bipartisan [ˌbaɪpɑ:tɪˈzæn] adj. 两党的13. at the moment 目前
14.*meager [mi:gə] adj. 微薄的15. eligibility [ˌelɪdʒəbɪlətɪ] n 资格16. dwell on 老是唠叨17.*bromide [ˈbrəʊmaɪd] n. 陈词滥调
18. work through 解决19. thorny [ˈθɔ:ni] adj. 棘手的；多刺的20. phase out 逐步废除21. have no stomach for 没有做某事的欲望
22. *fractious [ˈfrækʃəs] adj. 易怒的23. *caucus[ˈkɔ:kəs] n.（政党的）核心小组24. *gruel [ˈgru:əl] n.稀粥注：标*的是超纲词汇
点评Ⅰ①House Speaker Paul D. Ryan justified his endorsement of Donald Trump this month by arguing that the billionaire would be more likely than Hillary Clinton to sign
GOP ideas into law. ②At best, this was a risky bet on the ideologically flexible Mr. Trump — but a commitment to bold reform was at least understandable as a motive for soul-selling. ③Now we are getting a look at the agenda Mr. Ryan has been preparing, and it suggests he sold his soul awfully cheaply.
翻译：本月，众议院议长保罗 · 瑞恩宣布支持唐纳德·特朗普，他争论说这个亿万富豪比希拉里· 克林顿更有可能把共和党的理念变成法律顶多，这是一次危险的赌博，压在想法多变的特朗普先生身上——但是为了进行大胆的改革而不惜出卖灵魂，我们至少还可以理解这一动机。
现在，看到了瑞恩先生准备了许久的议事日程，这次灵魂卖得太廉价了点评：段Ⅰ句①给出本文的背景，介绍新近事件，瑞恩公开支持特朗普但是只强调是为了共和党的整体利益，而不是因为特朗普的政治能力这句话虽然看上去是客观的陈述事件，但是暗含了作者的态度。
似乎暗示瑞恩左右为难，委曲求全的心理句②③是作者对此事的评价，a risky bet, soul-selling 都体现了作者的批评态度瑞恩在“保守政治行动大会”(CPAC)上用“full stomach, empty soul”批评高福利政策。
虽然同为共和党人，瑞恩之前强烈反对特朗普的很多观点，现在却表示支持他是为了党内团结，勉强为之，还是真心实意的支持，姑且不论，但是面对如此戏剧化的转变，媒体纷纷调侃Ryan is selling soul，以子之矛攻子之盾，讽刺意味非常强烈。
经过前面的背景介绍，句③引出本文的焦点：瑞恩经过长久准备而提出的议程纲领很糟糕，awfully cheaply为下文的批判定下感情基调Ⅱ①For months, Mr. Ryan has been promising a
proactive governing platform on which Republicans can run. ②On Tuesday, he began rolling it out with a 35-page brief on how the
GOP would combat poverty. ③The speaker has put special emphasis on this issue in the past. ④In 2014, he released an ambitious plan proposing a broad restructuring of the government’s anti-poverty programs with the goal of pressing
beneficiaries harder to improve their lives, in effect making the government the nation’s life coach. ⑤The idea was controversial, and rightly so.
翻译：好几个月以来，瑞恩先生一直在保证给共和党提供一个积极的施政平台周二，他正式兑现这个保证，用35页的简报说明共和党如何有能力打击贫困他一直非常重视扶贫2014年，他就推出一项雄心勃勃计划，推动广泛重建政府反对贫困项目，目的是推一把靠救济金过活的人，改善他们的生活，这实际上让政府成为国家的生活教练。
这个想法引起了争论，而且确实值得争论点评：段Ⅱ-Ⅳ落脚在议程纲领中“打击贫困”这个议题批评其政策过于空洞，不达要领段Ⅱ指出，瑞恩虽然有雄心勃勃的重建政府扶贫计划，但是目前引发争议，还没有定论Ⅲ①But Mr. Ryan got behind some broadly admired ideas in the past, too. ②For example, he proposed 。
pumping up the earned-income tax credit (EITC), which tops up low-income workers’ wages, a reform with potentially broad
bipartisan appeal because it fights poverty while rewarding work. ③At the moment, the EITC is mostly targeted at families, rather than all Americans in the ranks of the working poor, and benefits are too
meager. ④Expanding eligibility and increasing benefits should be a cornerstone of any anti-poverty reform program.
翻译：但瑞恩先生也支持一些过去受到广泛赞誉的想法比如，他曾提议提高能劳动所得税抵免（EITC), 增加低薪工人的收入这个想法打击贫困，奖励劳动，所以可能得到两党的广泛支持目前EITC的主要受惠者是家庭，而不是所有的美国贫穷工人阶级，而且补助金太微薄。
任何反对贫困改革项目的基石都应该是扩大受惠人群，提高补助金额点评：段Ⅲ-Ⅳ则指出，EITC是不错的突破口，但是瑞恩缺少任何实质性的贡献所以这两方面都落入空谈段Ⅲ分析了EITC可以改进的空间，句③④说明受益者范围应该扩大，补助金额需要提高。
这都是人们期待瑞恩可以改进的地方Ⅳ①In the House GOP’s latest document, however, the EITC is hardly mentioned. ②Instead, the report includes a line about “increasing” it — an unhelpfully vague suggestion — and goes on to
dwell on EITC fraud. ③The outline spends much more time on bromides such as working with nonprofit groups and giving states more flexibility. ④These reflect Republican federalist principles, but with a fatal lack of specificity. ⑤The program offers no real sense of how states migh
t work through a series of thorny issues in practice: How to design a welfare system that phases out
as income grows but does not discourage people from seeking higher wages, for example. ⑥The EITC is a potential solution, but Republicans appear
not to have the stomach for it.翻译：但是，共和党在众议院的最新简报几乎没有提及EITC相反，该纲领只毫无帮助地模糊提及了一句“提高”EITC，就开始大谈特谈EITC欺诈问题。
该纲领充斥着大量陈腔滥调，比如加强与非营利性组织的合作，给各州下方更多的机动权力这些反映了共和党的联邦主义原则，但是缺乏具体性，而这是致命的计划没有提出任何实质性的意见，让各州实际解决一堆棘手问题：比如，如何设出一套福利系统，随着个人收入增加而逐步停发补助，还能不抑制人们寻找更高工资的工作。
EITC可能是个解决方案，但是共和党似乎不是很感兴趣点评：段Ⅳ①句however话锋一转，瑞恩的简报让人失望，这些重要地方都很少着墨②③句对上句进一步展开a line“只言片语”，hardly mentioned “几乎没有提及”和dwell on(to think or talk a lot about sth, espeially sth it would be better to forget “大谈特谈”)形成鲜明的对比，指出瑞恩避重就轻，不谈要事，而谈无关紧要的小事。
vague, lack of specificity, no real sense都凸显此简报的空洞无物在美国，EITC是最重要的反贫困方案，这是一项既鼓励勤劳又补贴穷人的实实在在的福利与传统的现金援助相比较，EITC只补贴那些有工作的人，不补贴那些不工作的人。
它的原则是“不工作的人不能从政府那里得到钞票”在一定限度之内，工资越高，得到的补贴越高，但是超过一定工资水平，补贴又会下降，直到完全没有补贴，即phase out as income grows既要保证phase out，又要鼓励民众寻找更高工资的工作是一个重要问题，本来这是大施拳脚的舞台，但是共和党似乎没有兴趣 (appear not to have the stomachfor it), 体现了作者的惋惜之情。
Ⅴ①Mr. Ryan deserves credit for trying to engage his colleagues in a policy discussion. ②But his latest agenda seems designed to win acceptance from a
fractious House Republican caucus, a vocal minority of which has no interest in affirmative policymaking of any kind, least of all fighting poverty. ③It’s thin
gruel to justify endorsing a man Mr. Ryan knows is unfit for the presidency.[454words]翻译：瑞恩先生试图让自己的同伴积极参与政策讨论，这是值得赞赏的。
但是他最近的议程似乎是为了讨好共和党自由派而设计的，这些人难以对付，人数虽少，声音却大，他们对制定任何积极平权政策都毫无兴趣，特别是对打击贫困瑞恩先生公开支持一个他知道不适合当总统的人，是毫无营养的稀粥。
点评：段Ⅴ是对全篇的总结，并且分析瑞恩计划如此糟糕的原因句①先行让步，肯定瑞恩的努力句②尖刻地指出瑞恩的方向错误，只是为了讨好（团结）一小撮共和党人，而不是真心实意的改革vocal minority和silent majority是相对的概念。
作者批评瑞恩只顾在“声音大的少数人”中周旋，却忽视“沉默的大多数人”的利益诉求fractious House Republican caucus指一群自称“自由党团”(Freedom Caucus)的众议院共和党议员，他们虽然人数不多，但是少了他们，共和党议员就达不到众议院的半数以上，所以瑞恩才会费力团结。
句③ 用justify endorsing回应开头，将读者拉回瑞恩支持特朗普的事件本身，让整篇文章浑然一体，结构完整因为狄更斯《雾都孤儿》中奥利弗那句著名的 “Please, sir, I want some more”，gruel（稀粥）从此在英语中带上了一种负面的内涵。
把瑞恩的支持活动比喻成稀粥，辛辣地讽刺了为特朗普背书起不到什么作用，和稀粥一样毫无营养 knows unfit 是作者在揣测瑞恩的矛盾：心理上反对，行动上支持，这不就是出卖灵魂selling soul 吗？。
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